Causes and consequences of irregular employment in the F2F sectors. Cross-national comparative report

This comparative report presents findings from Work Package 6 (WP6) of the DignityFIRM project, examining migrant employment in Farm-to-Fork sectors across four EU member states: Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. The study analysed the scale, drivers, and mechanisms of both formal and informal migrant employment, with particular focus on working conditions experienced by migrant workers and the long-term structural consequences of labour market informality.

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How to cite: Fihel A., Janicka A., Kaczmarczyk P., Rakowska K (2026), Causes and consequences of employment in the F2F sectors. Cross-national comparative report. DignityFIRM. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19251140