Navigating Precarity Between Law and Profit: Migrant Riders in Italy, Poland and Spain

This article examines how platform‐mediated food delivery work shapes the socio‐economic inclusion and exclusion of migrants in Italy, Poland, and Spain. Drawing on 60 in‐depth interviews with migrant riders in Turin, Warsaw, and Barcelona, the study adopts a comparative ethnographic approach to examine how distinct regulatory models—Italy’s “dual‐track,” Poland’s “contractual bricolage,” and Spain’s “regulated exclusion”—shape migrant inclusion in platform labour markets. Despite these differences, the findings reveal a striking convergence: migrant riders across all three contexts face legal ambiguity, economic insecurity, and algorithmic control, which together entrench their marginalisation.

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How to cite : Pasetti, F., Celoria, E., Iazzolino, G., & Rakowska, K. (2026). Navigating Precarity Between Law and Profit: Migrant Riders in Italy, Poland, and Spain. Social Inclusion, 14, Article 10959. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.10959